The 142nd saw action in France and its soldiers were widely recognized for their contributions in battle. Approximately 600 Oklahoma Indians, mostly Chotaw and Cherokee, were assigned to the 142nd Infantry of the 36th Texas-Oklahoma National Guard Division. It is estimated that more than 12,000 American Indians served in the United States military in World War I. As the military entered the 20th century, American Indians had already made a substantial contribution through military service and were on the brink of playing an even larger role. Native Americans from Indian Territory were also recruited by Teddy Roosevelt's Rough Riders and saw action in Cuba in the Spanish-American War in 1898. They were deactivated in 1947 when their last member retired from the Army in ceremonies at Ft. Pershing's expedition to Mexico in pursuit of Pancho Villa in 1916. The Scouts were active in the American West in the late 1800s and early 1900s, accompanying Gen. Army established its Indian Scouts to exploit this aptitude. Scouting the enemy was recognized as a particular skill of the Native American soldier. Many tribes were involved in the War of 1812, and Indians fought for both sides as auxiliary troops in the Civil War. I think they can be made of excellent use, as scouts and light troops. Their courage, determination, and fighting spirit were recognized by American military leaders as early as the 18th century. Washington: Department of Defense, 1996.) A Long Tradition Of ParticipationĪmerican Indians have participated with distinction in United States military actions for more than 200 years. (Prepared for the United States Department of Defense by CEHIP Incorporated, Washington, DC, in partnership with Native American advisors, Rodger Bucholz, William Fields, Ursula P.
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